воскресенье, 14 декабря 2014 г.
The October 2011 report, funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, "calls for increased resea
Hawaii is known for its near perfect weather, but a new report from the University of Hawaii's Sea Grant program oahu hawaii hotels states that islands in the Pacific might be unrecognizable in the coming years as climate change makes them hotter, arid, stormy and even disease-ridden.
According to " Climate Change Impacts In Hawaii: A Summary Of Climate Change And Its Impacts To Hawaii’s Ecosystems And Communities ," which was paid for by Hawaii Tourism Authority (HTA), the oceans, rainfall, ecosystems oahu hawaii hotels and immunity of people who live on islands in the Pacific are all at peril. But what’s more, tourism -- an industry responsible for most of the state’s annual revenue -- might all but vanish. Amongst the doom and gloom, the study projects:
Higher average temperatures, stressing native animals oahu hawaii hotels and plants and causing oahu hawaii hotels an uptick in heat-related illnesses in people (think dengue fever or cholera), as well as a higher concentration of invasive species;
Perhaps the most obvious change around the state will be the rise in sea levels, oahu hawaii hotels which have risen about 0.5-1.3 inches per decade throughout the last 100 years . The study projects this rate to accelerate, resulting in a 1-foot oahu hawaii hotels to 3-foot oahu hawaii hotels rise (or possibly more) by 2100.
That would mean most of Waikiki and its famous oahu hawaii hotels beach would either be underwater or highly eroded by it. The animation above, taken from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Sea Level Rise and Coastal Flooding Viewer , shows what sea levels would look like around Waikiki and Honolulu in a worst case scenario: if sea levels rose 6 feet. The new shoreline would be almost a full mile inland (past the Waikiki hotel strip and into neighborhoods such as Kakaako, downtown Honolulu, and even Moiliili). Such a scenario would impact hotel revenues by as much as $661.2 million, with a scary $2 billion lost overall, each year.
Charles Fletcher, a UH geology oahu hawaii hotels professor who contributed to the report, told the Honolulu Star-Advertiser that he imagines that Oahu’s tourist nucleus would have to pack up and move , establishing a "new Waikiki" somewhere on higher ground. “By the end of the century, I would be surprised if Waikiki Beach is still there," he said.
Researchers admit that nobody knows exactly when or where these changes oahu hawaii hotels will take place -- some impacts of climate change have already been observed (such as beach erosion on the north shore of Oahu ), while others are “projected to manifest in the coming decades.” But the report is clear in its language that the “warming of the Earth’s climate oahu hawaii hotels system is unequivocal,” and that climate change is caused by human-influenced greenhouse gases.
Right now, tourism is still cranking in Hawaii. HTA recently said that July 2014 was the highest July on record oahu hawaii hotels for visitor spending and arrivals. But the organization funded the UH study in order to anticipate the challenges Hawaii faces in the coming years -- and to try to minimize their effects. The UH report lists various ways agencies and residents can change oahu hawaii hotels habits to possibly influence change:
oahu hawaii hotels “There’s a lot we can do to start preparing,” Dolan Eversole, an agent with the UH Sea Grant program, told the Star-Advertiser. “It’s like a freight train . We can see it coming. Are we going to be ready?”
As humans increase atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, oceans absorb some of the CO2. The resulting drop in ocean pH, known as ocean acidification, has been called climate change's "equally evil twin" by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration chief Jane Lubchenco.
At the 2012 International Coral Reef Symposium in Cairns, Australia, 2,600 scientists signed a petition calling for international action to preserve oahu hawaii hotels global coral reefs, reported the BBC. Noting that 25 to 30 percent of the world's reefs are already "severely degraded," the statement asserts that "climate-related stressors [represent] an unprecedented challenge for the future of coral reefs and to the services they provide to people."
A recent report from the World Resources Institute found that the Coral Triangle, an important area from central Southeast Asia to the edge of the western Pacific with many reefs, is threatened at a rate far greater oahu hawaii hotels than the global average.
Winegrowers oahu hawaii hotels in France's Champagne region and scientists have already seen changes in the past 25 years, reported The New York Times last year. They have "noted major changes in their vineyards, including an increased sugar content in the grapes from which they make their wine, with a consequent decrease in acidity, and a harvest time that regularly comes two weeks earlier than it once did."
A 2006 study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that "up to 81 percent" of "premium-wine-grape oahu hawaii hotels production area" could decline in the U.S. by the end of this century, reported Wired. Without any adaptation oahu hawaii hotels measures, wine-grape production could disappear from "many areas" of the country.
According to the USDA, bee populations are dropping nationwide. Wetter winters and rainy summers oahu hawaii hotels make it harder for bees to get out and about to collect, leaving them to starve or become malnourished and more prone to other diseases. This doesn't just mean a decline oahu hawaii hotels in honey. We rely on bees to pollinate crops. When bees disappear, many food crops could also die off.
If greenhouse gas emissions are not reduced, global oahu hawaii hotels sea levels could rise over three feet by 2100, with a six foot rise possible. The U.S. Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming notes:
This threatens to submerge Florida's coastal communities and economies oahu hawaii hotels since roughly 9 percent of the state is within 5 feet of the existing sea level. Rising sea level also threatens the beaches, wetlands, and mangrove forests that surround the state.
University of Florida professor Jack Putz said in 2008, "People have a hard time accepting that this is happening here," oahu hawaii hotels reported the Tampa Bay Times. Seeing dead palm trees and other impacts "brings a global problem oahu hawaii hotels right into our own back yard," oahu hawaii hotels he added.
A November 2011 study found that polar bear litters are getting smaller as climate change causes sea ice decline. According to World Wildlife Fund, the study "found that if spring sea ice break-up occurs one month earlier than usual, 40-73 percent of pregnant females could fail to bring cubs to term."
With decreased sea ice, polar bears may have greater trouble finding food sources. This could lead to cannibalism, which has already been observed by photographers. Environmental photojournalist Jenny Ross told BBC News in 2011, "There are increasing numbers of observations of it occurring, particularly on land where polar bears are trapped ashore, completely food-deprived for extended periods of time due to the loss of sea ice as a result of climate change."
Thanks to a failing peanut crop due to last summer's scorching hot weather, there was a shortage of peanuts in supply at the end of 2011. If temperatures continue to rise, a jump in peanut butter prices is just the prelude to what could be in store for the beloved spread.
A report released by the International Center For Tropical Agriculture warns chocolate could become a luxury item if farmers don't adapt to rising temperatures in Ghana and the Ivory Coast, oahu hawaii hotels where a majority of the world's cocoa is grown.
The October 2011 report, funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, "calls for increased research into heat and drought resistant crops, and to help transition cocoa farming to new regions that will be suitable oahu hawaii hotels for production in the future," reported ThinkProgress.
As average temperatures rise over the course of this century, states in the Southern U.S. are expected to see a greater number of days with temperatures over 90 degrees Fahrenheit each year. Hotter temperatures will mean that football players in the South will face a greater risk of hyperthermia, explains GE's TXCHNOLOGIST blog.
ThinkProgress suggests, "Indeed, it is the conservative southern U.S., especially the South central and South east, who have led the way in blocking serious climate action, as it were, making yesterday's oahu hawaii hotels worst-case scenario into today's likely outcome."
Bad news for allergy sufferers -- climate change, and specifically warmer temperatures, may bring more pollen and ragweed, according to a 2011 study from the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York.
Along with allergies, a changing climate may be tied to more infectious diseases. According to one study, climate change could affect wild bird migratory patterns, increasing the chances for human flu pandemics. Illnesses like Lyme disease could also become more prominent.
Famed for producing some of the world's best beer, Germany could suffer from a drop in production due to climate change-induced water shortages. Barley and hops can only be grown with water, and using cheaper oahu hawaii hotels alternatives like corn isn't possible in Germany because of strict regulations about what you can make beer with.
Research published earlier this year in the journal Nature Climate Change found that "unless farmers develop more heat-tolerant corn varieties or gradually move corn production from the United States into Canada, frequent heat waves will cause sharp price spikes," reported The New York Times. Price spikes for U.S. corn could affect prices of American macrobrews made with an adjunct ingredient like corn.
With higher temperatures expected in northern latitudes in coming decades, the U.K. has begun a program to develop strawberries that will survive in higher temperatures with less water. Since chocolate also may be threatened, could sexy chocolate-covered strawberries, oahu hawaii hotels a Valentine's Day staple, be endangered?
According to The Telegraph, Dr. David Simpson, a scientist with England's East Malling Research, said last year, "Consumer demand for fresh strawberries in the UK has been growing year on year since the early 1990s. The British oahu hawaii hotels growers have done a great job of increasing their productivity to satisfy this demand between April and October. The futu
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